Which type of storage technology is non-volatile and can be electrically erased and reprogrammed?

Flash memory is the correct answer because it is a type of non-volatile storage technology that retains data even when power is turned off. This characteristic is critical for applications where data integrity is essential without the constant need for a power source.

Flash memory can be electrically erased and reprogrammed, allowing users to write new data over existing data without having to physically remove or replace the storage medium. This feature provides flexibility and efficiency, making it widely used in various devices, including USB drives, memory cards, and SSDs.

While a hard disk drive is non-volatile, it relies on magnetic storage and mechanical moving parts, which makes it not electrically erasable. Solid-state drives, although they use flash memory, are not a type of storage technology that can be solely identified by their electrical erasure and reprogramming capacity. Optical discs, like CDs and DVDs, use laser technology for data reading and writing, making them distinct from electrically formatted storage, and they typically do not support the same kind of erasure and reprogramming as flash memory.