Which standard uses a master/slave configuration for drives?

The standard that uses a master/slave configuration for drives is IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics), also known as ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment). In this configuration, multiple drives are connected to the same cable and designated as either the master or slave. The master drive is the primary drive that the motherboard communicates with, while the slave drive is secondary. This setup allows for the integration of both drives on a single data cable, optimizing space and simplifying connections.

While SATA (Serial ATA) also connects drives to the motherboard, it does not use a master/slave configuration. Each SATA drive has its own cable running directly to the motherboard, allowing for simpler connections and independent drive configurations. USB and eSATA standards do allow for multiple devices but do not utilize a master/slave configuration in the way that IDE does. Instead, they operate using different communication protocols that do not require such a hierarchy between devices.