What type of malware locks files and demands payment for access?

Ransomware is a specific type of malware designed to restrict access to files or systems until a ransom is paid. It typically encrypts files on the victim's device, rendering them inaccessible, and then displays a message demanding payment in exchange for the decryption key. This type of attack exploits vulnerabilities in the system and can propagate through various means, such as phishing emails or malicious downloads.

In the context of ransomware, the primary characteristic that distinguishes it from other types of malware is its focus on monetary extortion. Unlike viruses, which infect and replicate by attaching themselves to clean files, or Trojans, which disguise themselves as legitimate software but perform harmful actions, ransomware's sole purpose is to hold the victim's data hostage. Worms, on the other hand, replicate themselves across networks without needing to attach to files, but they do not typically encrypt data for ransom.

Understanding ransomware is essential for cybersecurity awareness, especially given its prevalence in today's digital landscape. Periodic backups and robust security measures are vital defenses against such threats.