What file system is commonly used by Windows operating systems?

The file system commonly used by Windows operating systems is NTFS, which stands for New Technology File System. NTFS offers several advanced features that make it suitable for modern computing needs, including support for large file sizes and disks, improved security through file permissions, and the ability to create file system journaling.

NTFS supports features such as compression, encryption, and disk quotas, allowing for better management of disk space and enhanced data security. It also includes recovery capabilities that improve the file system's resilience against corruption caused by power failures or system crashes.

While FAT32 is still used in some scenarios, such as for compatibility with older systems and devices, it does not support files larger than 4 GB and lacks the advanced features present in NTFS. EXT4 is primarily used in Linux environments and APFS is designed for macOS, making them unsuitable for the Windows operating system context.