What access control method enforces that users can only access files and resources necessary for their job functions?

The access control method that ensures users can only access files and resources necessary for their job functions is the concept of least privilege. This principle operates on the foundation that users should have the minimum level of access required to perform their roles effectively. By restricting access rights to only what is needed, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of data breaches or misuse of sensitive information, as users cannot access files or resources that are irrelevant to their responsibilities.

Implementing least privilege helps in safeguarding critical data and resources, minimizing the potential attack surface and limiting the damage that can be done if an account is compromised. It is a critical component in security best practices and plays an important role in compliance with various regulatory standards.

In contrast, role-based access control structures access based on the roles assigned to users within an organization but does not inherently enforce the least privilege principle; it allows for broader access based on roles, which might exceed what's necessary for a specific job function. Mandatory access control, on the other hand, is a stricter policy model that uses controlled labels to govern access but is not necessarily tailored to individual job duties. Lastly, time-based access control restricts access to resources based on time parameters but does not address the relevance of the access in relation to job functions.