The primary internal component of a CPU that is responsible for performing calculations is known as what?

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is an essential internal component of a CPU specifically designed to perform mathematical calculations and logical operations. It handles tasks that involve arithmetic functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT. The presence of the ALU allows the CPU to execute computations and make decisions based on the data it processes.

In contrast, the Control Unit orchestrates and coordinates the operations of the CPU but does not perform calculations itself. Cache Memory serves as a high-speed storage area that temporarily holds frequently accessed data to speed up performance, while Registers are small, fast storage locations within the CPU used to hold temporary data and instructions during processing. However, neither of these components is primarily responsible for performing calculations, which is the core function of the ALU.